Zoom

The length of cameras lens determines what part of the scene will be visible. Less expensive models usually offer fixed lenses. Higher end models often have zoom lenses, letting you shoot close-ups without the loss of resolution associated with digital zoom. More expensive, professional quality cameras will allow you to add your own lenses.

Optical Zoom
There are also two types of zoom with a digital camera. The first is optical zoom. This allows you to change which part of the subject you are taking a picture of appears in the scene. This actually changes the view, which falls on to the optical sensor inside the camera, just like zoom on a conventional camera. This gives a clearer picture.

Digital Zoom
The other type of Zoom is digital zoom. This is less ideal as the light which hits the sensor is enlarged to fill the sensor, this is very similar to image interpolation as mentioned earlier. This is similar in effect to taking a normal image and cropping a section of the photo, then enlarging the cropped section.

Macro Mode
There is one other type of zoom, but this is not a true zoom. Macro mode. This allows for picture of images very close to the camera to be taken. This though might produce nice foreground images but leaves the background image blurred as the focal length of the lens is focused on the closed thing to it.

Focus
Lower-end cameras are fixed focus with a lens that is set to focus at one range. Higher-end cameras may offer auto-focus that automatically focuses the camera on your subjects.

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